@ Hamed Sajedi / Ph.D. Student of Islamic Philosophy and Theology, University of Tehran, Farabi Campus

                                                                                                                                          sajedi2@gmail.com

Mohammad Mohammad Rezaie / Professor, University of Tehran, Farabi Campus

Received: 16 September 2019 - Accepted: 12 February 2020

Abstract

Evolution is a scientific theory which, above all, is attributable to Darwin. This theory was criticized and refined after Darwin, in particular with the advancement of genetic science, later on known as neo-Darwinism. This theory seeks to explain how complex organisms emerge. That fact that the theory of evolution cannot be rejected easily, does not mean that it succeeds in explaining the emergence of complex organisms. Examining the latest scientific facts and focusing on rational data, this paper show that there are many aspects of intelligent life that cannot be explained by the theory of evolution. This paper shows that there are at least five issues in intelligent life that cannot be answered by the theory of evolution.

Keywords: evolution, initiation of life, Gaia hypothesis, mutation, phenotype, awareness.