Ma`rifat Kalami

Today, atheists attempt to find a way to definitively deny God’s existence by demonstrating inconsistency in divine attributes. In their critical approach, they sometimes examine independently some of these fundamental attributes, such as omniscience and omnipotence, aiming to show each of these characteristics individually as self-contradictory concepts. Moreover, another distinct strategy is to claim inconsistency between two or more divine attributes, deeming the simultaneous presence of these characteristics in a single being logically impossible. One of the most prominent attributes that is repeatedly attacked, and which atheists claim is self-contradictory, is God’s omniscience, hence referring to it as the “paradox of omniscience.” To demonstrate this, they rely on arguments based on Cantor’s theorem in set theory and the divine liar paradox. In this article, we critically examine these two arguments.