Ma`rifat Kalami

Allameh Tabataba’i discusses the finality of acts in three steps: the first step is to prove the finality of every movement; the second step is to prove the finality of perfectible subjects in accidental and substantial movements; and the third step is to prove the finality of non-perfectible subjects. Using a descriptive-analytical method in this research, and analyzing Allameh's phrases, I have concluded that the comprehensive definition of goal is "the perfect and complete status that is meant by the subject for performing the action". Considering the semantic symmetry of purpose and expediency, I will discuss expediency in Divine and human actions and finally come to the conclusion that purpose and expediency in human actions are outside the act because of their missing perfection; but in Divine actions, they are the Divine action themselves. On this basis, the Ash'arite’s view who believe the Divine actions do not have any expediency, and also the Mu'tazilite’s view who believe the Divine actions have expediencies in relation to the servants, would be invalid.