Ma`rifat Kalami

Extraordinary phenomena such as near-death experiences, out-of-body experiences, telepathy, spirit summoning, and veridical (true) dreams pose a serious challenge to materialistic presuppositions and empirical methodologies. Using an analytical approach and library-based research methods, this article critiques the performance of empiricists in their confrontation with these phenomena. Due to the inherent limitations of experimental methods, materialistic presuppositions, and scientific bias, empiricists often ignore existing evidence or call its credibility into question. This approach has led many reliable findings and observations in the field of extraordinary phenomena to be challenged or dismissed. The present article examines the methodological shortcomings of this approach, including the use of double standards, excessive focus on ambiguous points, and reliance on unproven hypotheses, and demonstrates that a rational acceptance of these phenomena requires abandoning materialistic biases and adopting more comprehensive and impartial approaches. The article also emphasizes the necessity of revising current scientific methods and expanding research in this field in order to achieve a better understanding of the non-material dimensions of extraordinary phenomena.