Ma`rifat Kalami

The answer to the problem of evil has always been a concern of many thinkers. Paying attention to realism in ethics can provide an appropriate answer and explanation of this issue, which has been achieved in this research with a rational-narrative method. Since moral realism, on the one hand, is based on the inherent perfectionism of man, which is a real thing and its true example is approaching God, it considers the intrinsic value of morality to be real, and on the other hand, considering that other values ​​are determined based on the true intrinsic value, it believes in the realness of all moral values. Accordingly, the degree of perfection of individuals is determined by voluntary actions and acquired traits that have non-moral value. There is a close relationship between human perfection and the evolutionary system of the world, and good or evil finds a direct relationship with the degree of individuals. The lack of perfection, which is the result of a truly unrighteous action, leads to the occurrence of evil punishments that manifest themselves in the Hereafter in the form of the punishment and torment of Hell and in this world in the form of worldly calamities. Of course, some evils are also realized because of their role in human advancement and perfection, so that greater perfections can be achieved in their light.