Ma`rifat Kalami

This research examines the historical and theoretical roots of the con- cept of “Islamization of the sciences” through a comprehensive analy- sis of the ontological, theological, epistemological, and methodological foundations of al-Jāḥiẓ in his polemical work *Al-Radd ‘alā al-Naṣārā* (The Refutation of the Christians). The aim of this study, conducted using a descriptive-analytical method, is to explain how al-Jāḥiẓ’s intel- lectual framework in theological debates with Christians can be consid- ered an indigenous historical model for the Islamization of the sciences in the contemporary era. The results show that al-Jāḥiẓ’s ontological foundations are based on absolute monotheism and divine transcen- dence (tanzīh), which stipulate that the order of the world (the subject of science) is a reflection of a single wise origin. His epistemological foundations emphasize the centrality of reason alongside revelation and a serious critique of blind imitation (taqlīd), thereby authorizing a fun- damental critique of rival scientific paradigms. Methodologically, he employs a hybrid approach (dialectical logic, historical induction, and sociological analysis) to produce and validate knowledge. This coherent intellectual structure is not merely a theological approach; rather, it re- flects an indigenous philosophy of science that provided the necessary intellectual groundwork for scientific development committed to Islam- ic principles. Finally, the article concludes that reviving this classical methodology can contribute to the theoretical and practical enrichment of the concept of the Islamization of the sciences in the present age.