Ma`rifat Kalami

Proposing the theory of "evolution" by Charles Darwin in 1859 caused the emergence of an important issue: its logical consequence of atheism. Four main views were formed in facing this issue. Some believed this theory is neutral towards atheism or being religious. Some believed atheism is its logical consequence. On the other hand, some have considered it compatible and in accordance with religious teachings, and others believed the epistemological truth of evolution is only possible with the assumption of theism. This debate is going on in the West in all of its forms and in the Islamic world in some of its forms. Presenting the different views in this regard, this article explains the logical consequence of this theory, from its own point of view, using a descriptive-analytical method. I believe if we consider the theory of evolution with all its components and conditions, this theory is logically - and in terms of its claim - silent about God's existence; although it is definitely incompatible with the type of ultimate and purposeful theism in the system of being. In other words, although God's existence has not been discussed in the "evolution" theory itself - neither proved nor denied - and this issue has logically nothing to do with evolution; but there are some qualifications included in the famous "evolution" theory, which is definitely not compatible with the guiding nature of creation, its purposefulness and finality and the existence of a wise God in the universe and God’s finalism. On the other hand, it seems incorrect to claim that these qualifications can be separated from the theory of “evolution” and keep the theory itself.