Ma`rifat Kalami

The necessity-in-relation is one of the branches of the principle of causality, the denial of which, according to philosophers, entails the denial of the principle of causality. According to some theologians, it is naive to suppose that causal necessity consists in free agents and the world is contingent and needs the exalted God. So, they use priority as a substitute for causal necessity. Some Shi’a authorities on Usul (principles of religion) regard causal necessity in relation to free agents to be problematic. Some contemporary thinkers firmly deny necessity of causality, including that of otherness or in relation to something else and presented evidence for negating the existence of these two kinds of necessity. They hold that accepting the idea of causal necessity renders free agents meaningless and all agents active. This paper seeks to investigate the evidence which supports this claim and establish the claim which is common to philosophers.