معرفت کلامی

The issue of the miraculous nature of the heavenly scriptures prior to the Qur’an—especially the original Torah and Gospel—has received little attention in Islamic theology. The theory denying the miraculous character of these books has emerged on the basis of specific theological assumptions and has influenced interpretations of the status of divine revelation. The importance of examining and criticizing these foundations lies in the fact that any position regarding the miraculous or non-miraculous nature of earlier scriptures depends on the validity of these assumptions. Using an analytical–critical approach, this study first identifies and reconstructs these foundations, including the absence of supernatural disruption of ordinary causality, the lack of formal challenge (taḥaddī), the existence of counter-examples, and the denial of universality. It then critically evaluates them from both rational and revelatory perspectives. The findings show that these foundations lack sufficient demonstrative power and are inconsistent with rational analysis and Qur’anic evidence. Accordingly, the theory denying the miraculous nature of the original Torah and Gospel lacks theoretical coherence and requires fundamental reconsideration.