معرفت کلامی

**Near-death experiences (NDEs)**, as phenomena occurring at the boundary between life and death, lie at the intersection of neuroscience, psychology, and the philosophy of mind, raising fundamental questions about the nature and continuity of consciousness. The present study, adopting an **analytical-synthetic approach** and offering a **critical reassessment of the views of Sabom, Carter, and Parnia**, seeks to provide a framework grounded in empirical evidence for evaluating **physicalist explanations** of these experiences. In this regard, hypotheses related to **blood gas changes**, **temporal lobe dysfunctions**, **neurochemical patterns**, **the effects of hallucinogenic drugs**, and **consciousness under anesthesia** are examined. The findings indicate that, although these factors may explain certain **physiological and perceptual aspects** of the phenomenon, they are insufficient to fully account for components such as **accurate out-of-body perceptions**, **cognitive coherence**, and **profound spiritual transformations** following the experience. Accordingly, this research argues that the **reductionist physicalist approach** is inherently limited, and that a **more comprehensive understanding** of near-death experiences requires a **multidimensional perspective** integrating **biological, psychological, and transcendent** dimensions within an explanatory framework. Such an outlook may pave the way toward a deeper understanding of the **nature of consciousness** and the **place of NDEs in interdisciplinary studies**.