معرفت کلامی

and the possible beings, and therefore denies all God’s attributes, including attributes that are the very God’s essence or attributes that are extraneous to God’s essence. Therefore, in his opinion, God cannot be known except by negation. He has provided various rational arguments for his monotheistic theory. These rational arguments have been collected and criticized in this article. The main problems of the rational arguments of Qazi Sa’id are as follows: confusion between external composition and analytical composition, not differentiating between external causality and analytical causality, extension of the problems of attributes extraneous to one’s essence to the attributes of essence, considering any knowledge equal to or synonym for ‘existential dominance of the knower over the known’, believing in that knowledge entails being possessed by the known, considering any attribute as synonymous with existential limit and any described matter as necessarily limited, confusion between the conveyer and the conveyed, believing in the incongruity of existential resemblance and existential poverty of the possible beings towards God, believing in that existential analogical gradation entails the quantitative nature of both sides of gradation