Abstracts
Article data in English (انگلیسی)
Trendology of Mahdism movements
Esma'il Ali Khani*
Abstract
Mahdism movements or false Mahdisms are among the important trends in Islamic world. During the history of Islam، Islamic world has been the context of Mahdism movements and has witnessed lots of claims on Mahdism.
Considering the religious، political، and social conditions، Mahdism movements have followed different theoretical fundamentals on Mahdism such as being a son of Prophet، or a direct descendant of Fatemeh (Prophet's daughter)، the maxim of " a man called Reza from Mohammad descendants"، the position of " Bab(representative)" of Imam Mahdi ( May God hasten his glad advent)، " esoteric Imamate"، " guardianship"، and" specific Mahdism". In different historical periods، different grounds have caused Mahdism movements and their development. Some of these grounds are dynamism and vitality of Mahdism، deviation of Islam from the main course، internal cruelty and corruption، foreign attack، and extreme love for Mohammad Descendants (A.S). There have been different factors influencing the development and affluence of Mahdism movements. Some of these factors are using the signs of Mahdism، using the symbols of early Islam، vulgarity of people، demagogy of false claimants، and support of imperialism in modern times. This trend has led to destructive outcomes for Islamic world such as confrontation with Islam، sectarianism in Islamic societies، and emergence of straying sects.
Key words: Imamate، Mahdism، Babism، Mahdi، false mahdi، Mahdism movements، specific Mahdism، esoteric guardianship.
Abul a'la Maudoodi and neo – salafism trend
Ali Amirkhani*
Abstract
Neo-Salafism is one of the contemporary theological trends that has accepted the general principles of Salafism، while has criticized and modified some of its principles and fundamentals. Abul a'la Maudoodi has criticized some of the beliefs of Salafism، by using a new approach towards religious matters، violating the boundaries of salafi dogmatic beliefs، and offering different and new understandings. He is considered as one of the founders of neo-salafism trend. He has defined "paganism" before the advent of Islam as an ultra-time culture، and discussed its features. He has explained the theoretical foundations of this trend by offering the " theo -democracy" model، by discussing the theory of " lawfulness of rising against cruel ruler"، by offering an equilibrant and fair explanation about the theory of " justice of the Companions of the Prophet"، and by recognizing officially " four legal schools and Ja'fari (Twelver) legal school" and " Islamic Unity". The present paper tries to explain the most important fundamentals of Maudoodi's neo-salafi thoughts، using an analytical-documentary approach and analytical- descriptive method.
Key words: Maudoodi، neo-salafism، unity، Islamic government، paganism، jihad، exertion
Trendology of neo- Mu'tazilah(Separatists)
Javad Goli* / Hasan Yusufiyan**
Abstract
Neo-mu'tazilah( Separatists) trend is one of the important theological trends in Islamic world. It traces back its origin to the views of early mu'tazilites and aims at cognitive reconstruction of Islam based on rationalism. The present paper aims at investigating the factors influencing the formation of theological neo-mu'tazilah trend، its commonalities and differences with early mu'tazilah، and evaluating and investigating its theoretical foundations and theological views of its followers، briefly. It analyzes the works of neo-mu'tazilah thinkers، using an analytical approach and documentary study .Accordingly، the trend of neo-mu'tazilah has been divided into three groups of neo-mu'tazilites in Arab countries، Indian continent، and Iran; it has been proved that the followers of neo-mu'tazilah insist on revival of this trend in Islamic world، and define these three trends as compatible with the views of early Mu'tazilah thinkers to justify their own views.
Key words: neo-Mu'tazilah، Mu'tazilah، explanatory commentary، trendology
Sufficiency of Quran and denial of authority of Hadith Investigation of origin and thoughts of Quran's followers/ people of Quran
Seyyed Ali Aghaii*
Abstract
Hadith، second to Quran، is considered as the second source to infer religious injunctions and religious laws of Islam. Most Muslims consider Hadith as the only way to achieve the practice of Prophet، that is، his words، deeds and accounts. Therefore، Hadith has had a basic role in the formation of Islamic tradition، so that most people believe Hadith has always had an indisputable authority. The present paper deals with the matter، using an analytical approach. Historical investigation shows that Hadith has not always enjoyed widespread and popular acceptability and authority. Some disagreements with Hadith transmission and recording، and with its application as a source to infer religious injunction have reported in old Islamic works. There have been disagreements with Hadith in 19th and 20th centuries which are not restricted to a particular geographical region.
Key words: people of Quran، Hadith، tradition، the authority of Hadith، sufficiency of Quran.
The validity and value of religious knowledge according to intellectual trends
Ramazan Ali Tabar Firoozjaii*
Abstract
Such subjects as the nature and reality of religious knowledge، the logic and the way to discover and understand it، the criterion and norm of religiousness، its validity and truthfulness and …are discussed in the realm of religious knowledge; in the realm of cognitive value of religious knowledge such issues as realization، narration، the capacity of evaluation، truthfulness، its positive norm and criterion and … are discussed. By the measure of cognitive value in religious knowledge we mean the conformity of religious sciences to reality and innermost of religion، and investigation of the relationship between religious knowledge and fact and immutable essences of religion. Therefore، the main question is that، considering the narrative characteristic of religious sciences about the fact، and the possibility of its conformity to the fact and innermost of religion on the one hand، and the possibility of its error and nonconformity to the fact of religion on the other hand، how much is the conformity of religious sciences to the fact? To answer the question three intellectual trends and approaches have been discussed: excessive trend، defective trend، and a third approach which believes in maximal conformity and is called fallible realism.
The present paper، while explaining the viewpoints on the nature of religious knowledge، evaluates and investigates these three trends، using a documentary analysis approach.
Key words: religion، knowledge، religious knowledge، the reality of religious knowledge، cognitive value.
Islamic heritage trapped in contextuallty (contextualization) Criticism of Hassan Hanafi's approach towards reconstruction of Islamic Heritage (tradition)
Nasrollah Aghajani*
Abstract
In his decades-long writing activity، Hassan Hanafi، one of the contemporary Egyptian intellectuals، has tried to offer a special definition of Islamic heritage (tradition) and its characteristics، and to peruse his project entitled" reform and heritage(tradition) " in his different works، with the aim of reform and modernization in Islamic heritage. He mentions some of the characteristics of Islamic heritage as follow: "it is a national and ethnic treasure، an intellectual explanation for the phenomena of each age، and a theoretical formulation about the struggles between rulers and ruled; it is one-dimensional، and it has the inversion of human matters towards theological ones" which must be changed from theological matters into human matters. According to him، Islam has the principles and concepts of modernization، but they have been neglected in Islamic heritage or have been explained otherwise. We should discover these new concepts suitable to contextual conditions. He accuses the language of heritage of staleness and deficiency، and proposes some ways to reconstruct Islamic heritage، all of which needs assessment and analysis.
Key words: Islamic heritage، modernization، contextuality (contextualization) reconstructing the heritage، Hassan Hanafi
Thought-knowing; Malekian
Hadi Sadeqhi*
Abstract
Religious intellectual trend is one of the contemporary thinking trends، which is influential to some extent. Although there are different trends of intellectualism، some commonalities can be found among them. Mr. Mostafa Malekian is one of the figures of this trend. The present paper tries to investigate his viewpoints، using an analytical approach and documentary study. First، it has tried to review different components of his thoughts through friendly and unanimous reference to his works. Then، it has critically explained the writer's own views on his thoughts، using a little analysis and investigation.
However، since this paper cannot include all aspects of his thoughts، there was no choice but to study more important aspects. His most important viewpoint has been discussed in the theory of "rationality and spirituality". This theory is a kind of pluralistic monism which studies spiritual matters minimally and relies basically on modern rationality. One of its features is a kind of spiritualism which has commonalities with religion. Spiritualism is neither religion nor against it، but does not accept its all aspects. This theory denies the most important aspect of religion، i.e. service of God.
Key words: theology، spiritualism، tradition، modernization، religious government، Malekian
*PhD. Student of mysticism & Religions، Imam Khomeini I.E.R.
Received: 2011/2/20; Accepted: 2011/4/25 ismailalikhani@gmail.com
*M.A in Religions and Denomination. ،University of Religions and Denominations
Received: 2011/1/5; Accepted: 2011/4/30 alia1198@yahoo.com
* M.A. student of religious studies.
** Assistant Professor، Imam Khomeini I.E.R. hasanusofian@gmail.com
Received: 2011/3/1; Accepted: 2011/4/28
* PhD.student in Quranic Sciences & Hadith، Azad Islamic University
Received: 2010/12/6; Accepted: 2011/2/6 aghaeisali@gmail.com
* Assistant Professor، Research Institute for Islamic Culture and Thought . Tabar1579@yahoo.com
Received: 2010/11/11; Accepted: 2011/2/4
* Assistant Professor، Bagher Al-Oulum University nasraqajani@gmail.com
Received: 2010/10/23; Accepted: 2011/1/20
* Assistant professor، College of Hadith Sciences Sadeqi.hadi@Gmail.com
Received: 2010/12/27; Accepted: 2010/12/2
Table of Contents
Thought-knowing; Malekian / Hadi Sadeqhi
Islamic heritage trapped in contextuallty (contextualization) Criticism of Hassan Hanafi's approach towards reconstruction of Islamic Heritage (tradition) / Nasrollah Aghajani
The validity and value of religious knowledge according to intellectual trends / Ramazan Ali Tabar Firoozjaii
Sufficiency of Quran and denial of authority of Hadith Investigation of origin and thoughts of Quran's followers/ people of Quran / Seyyed Ali Aghaii
Trendology of neo- Mu'tazilah(Separatists) / Javad Goli / Hasan Yusufiyan
Abul a'la Maudoodi and neo – salafism trend / Ali Amirkhani
Trendology of Mahdism movements / Esma'il Ali Khani
Marifat Kalami Vol.1, No.3
A Quarterly Journal of Theology Fall 2010
Proprietor: Imam Khomeini Educational and Research Institute
Editior in Chief: Mahmum Fathali
Editor:Abulfazl Sajedi
Coordinator: Mohammad Ilaghi Hoseini
Translation of Abstracts:Language Department of IKI
Editorial Board:
ª HamiReda Ayatolahi: Professor Tabatabaii University
ª Reda Akbariyan: Associate Professor, Tabrbiyat Modares University
ª Mohammad Hoseinzadeh Yazdi: Associate Professor, Imam Khomeini Educational and Research Institute
ª Abulfazl Sajedi: Associate Professor, Imam Khomeini Educational and Research Institute
ª Mohammad Saidimehr: Associate Professor, Tabrbiyat Modares University
ª Ali Misbah: Associate Professor, Imam Khomeini Educational and Research Institute
ª Mohammad Mohammadredaii: Associate Professor, Qum Pardis
ª Mahmud Fathali: Assistant Professor, Imam Khomeini Educational and Research Institute
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