Ma`rifat Kalami

As one of the most basic theological issues, goodness and badness contributes to solving many other theological problems and rules. The Adliya emphasize on real- rational goodness and badness and the Ash'arites emphasize on unreal-legal goodness and badness. In common works on theology and principles, several meanings are mentioned for goodness and badness and it is claimed that difference is only in one meaning and the other meanings are real and rational. Using the analytical method and referring to the sources of the most important theological sects, namely Imamiyya, Mu'tazilites, Matridiyah and Ash'arites, this research tries to investigate the veracity of the multiplicity of meanings of goodness and badness. The results show that the multiplicity of meanings offered by the Ash'arites for solving the Adliyah flaws is not only unnecessary, but a source of conflict and obscurity of the solution to the problem. In fact, these meanings are not different from one another. Therefore, the claim of accepting real-rational goodness and badness in some meanings and rejecting their other meanings is contradictory and many theologians have criticized the multiplicity and separation of meanings.